Ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala, pambuyo pa chithandizo cha aseptic, njira yapakati pa mitsempha ndi njira yothetsera mankhwala imakhazikitsidwa kuti ilowetsedwe m'mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu: singano ya mtsempha kapena jekeseni, kapu yotetezera singano, payipi ya kulowetsedwa, fyuluta ya mankhwala amadzimadzi, kutuluka. regula...
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